Materi TIK Kelas 9 : Komunikasi Data

Komunikasi data adalah proses pengiriman dan penerimaan data/informasi dari dua atau lebih device (alat,seperti komputer/laptop/printer/ dan alat komunikasi lain) yang terhubung dalam sebuah jaringan. baik lokal maupun yang luas, seperti internet secara umum ada dua jenis komunikasi data, yaitu: Melalui infrastruktur Terestrial :Menggunakan media kabel dan nirkabel sebagai aksesnya. membutuhkan biaya yang tinggi untuk membangun infrastruktur jenis ini.

listrik dan tegangan plug (21)

Rwanda
C, J
230 V
50 HzSt. Kitts and Nevis
A, B, D, G
110 Vand230 V
60 Hz
Region plug is same as United States (2 pin) 110-120 VSt. Lucia (Windward Is.)
G
240 V
50 HzSaint Pierre and Miquelon
E
230 V
50 HzSt. Vincent (Windward Is.)
A, C, E, G, I, K
230 V
50 HzSão Tomé and Príncipe
C, F
220 V
50 HzSaudi Arabia
A, B, F, G
127 Vand220 V
60 Hz

listrik dan tegangan plug (22)

South Korea
A, B, C, F (Types A & B are used for 110-volt installations and/or found in very old buildings. Types C & F are used for 220 Volts.)
220 V
60 Hz
Type F is normally found in offices, airports, hotels and homes. Type C (type CEE 7/17) sockets are obsolete and manufacture was discontinued as of 2008, but examples are still found in a lot of places. In cases where a Type C socket was replaced with a Type F, the ground contact is often not connected to anything. 220 volt power is distributed by using both "live" poles of a 110 volt system (neutral is not used). 110 V/60 Hz power with plugs A & B were previously used but has already been phased out. Some residents install their own step-down transformers and dedicated circuits, so that they can use 110 V appliances imported from Japan or North America. Most hotels only have 220 V outlets, but some hotels offer both 110 V (Type A or B) and 220 V (Type C or F) outlets. Switches and outlets fit American-sized boxes.Spain
C, F
230 V (formerly 220 V)
50 HzSri Lanka
D, M, G
230 V
50 Hz
Increased use of type G in new houses/establishments. Mainly in Colombo and high end hotels.Sudan
C, D
230 V
50 HzSuriname
C, F
127 V
60 HzSwaziland
M
230 V
50 Hz

listrik dan tegangan plug (23)

Sweden
C, F
230 V (formerly 220 V)
50 Hz
Sockets lacking earth are prohibited in new installations. 400 V for some washing machines and other fixed installations. In bathroom etc. 110-115 socket can be found and used for shavers and other "bathroom tools"Switzerland
C, J
230 V
50 Hz
C only in the form CEE 7/16. In some very old installations, type E sockets or sockets that are compatible with type J and type E plugs are found.Syria
C, E, L
220 V
50 HzTahiti
A, B, E
110 Vand220 V
60 Hz/50 HzMarquesas Islands 50 Hz
Taiwan
A, B
110 V
60 Hz
Most outlets are Type A. When an outlet is Type B, the ground (earth) holes are usually not connected to anything in older houses but are grounded in modern houses. Most appliances have Type A plugs, but some appliances have Type B plugs. The ground prong on the Type B plus is often cut off to make it fit in Type A sockets in older buildings. Sockets and switches are built to USA dimensions and fit USA sized wall boxes. Dedicated sockets provide 220V for air conditioning units.

listrik dan tegangan plug (24)

Tajikistan
C, I
220 V
50 HzTanzania
D, G
230 V
50 HzThailand
A, B, C, F, Unearthed I
220 V
50 Hz
Outlets in hotels and most buildings are usually a combination of types B and C which will accept plug types A, B, C and I, while outlets in older buildings are usually type A. Only Unearthed Type I plugs can be used in these combination sockets, earthed type I plugs will not fit. An equal proportion of appliances have type A or C plugs, or B if an Earth connection is required. Type F is mainly for high-powered appliances such as air conditioners, kettles and cookers. A 3-pin plug that only fits in B/C sockets is also seeing increased use, it differs from type B by having all the pins round. [15]. Receptacles and switches for in-wall use are built to USA dimensions and fit USA standard type wall boxes.Togo
C
220 V
50 Hz
Lome 127 V.

listrik dan tegangan plug (25)

Tonga
I
240 V
50 HzTrinidad & Tobago
A, B
115 V
60 HzTunisia
C, E
230 V
50 HzTurkey
C, F
230 V
50 HzTurkmenistan
B, F
220 V
50 HzUganda
G
240 V
50 HzUkraine
C, F
220 V
50 HzUnited Arab Emirates
C, D, G
220 V
50 Hz

listrik dan tegangan plug (26)

United Kingdom
G (D and M seen in very old installs and specialist applications)
230 V (formerly 240 V)
50 Hz
Voltage tolerance of 230 V +10%/−6% (216.2 V to 253 V), widened to 230 V ±10% (207 V to 253 V) in 2008. The system supply voltage remains centred on 240 V. [16] A "shaver socket" (similar to Type C) is sometimes found in bathrooms that will provide low current to some other plug types. These sometimes have a ~110 V socket and a ~240 V socket in the same unit, or a switch to select voltage for a single socket. The G type socket usually has an on-off switch. IEC 60309 plugs and connectors are used in industrial and construction locations as well as for outdoor use in domestic and other business premises. Plug types D and M were used until the 1960s and are still in preferred use for theatre and TV stage lighting applications due to lack of internal fuse.---United States of America
A, B
120 V
60 Hz
Standardized at 120 V. Electricity suppliers aim to keep most customers supplied between 114 and 126 V most of the time. 240 V/60 Hz used for heavy duty applications such as air conditioners, clothes dryers, stoves, ovens, and water heaters. Buildings with more than one branch circuit will have both 120 and 240 V available. Since 1962, Type B outlets are required by code in new construction and renovation. A T-slot Type B is rated for 20 amperes for use in kitchens or other areas using large 120 V appliances.